Transcript
WEBVTT
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Hi everyone, welcome to Exploring Health Macro to Micro.
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I'm your host, parker Condit.
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In the show, I interview health and wellness experts around topics like sleep, exercise, nutrition, stress management, mental health and much more.
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So by the end of each episode you'll have concrete, tangible advice that you can start implementing today to start living a healthier life, either for yourself or for your loved ones.
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And that's the microside of the show.
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The macro side of the show is discussing larger, systemic issues that are contributing to health outcomes.
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An example of that is understanding how our food is grown can have a profound impact on the quality of that food, the soil and the environment at large.
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My guest today discussing that is Matthieu Mehuys.
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Matthieu is the co-founder of Polonia Landscape Architects.
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Their mission is to create sustainable and ecological outdoor spaces where people and nature are in harmony.
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He has a master's of engineering and landscape architecture and has a goal to make our world a greener, healthier place.
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We talk a lot about soil in this episode, which is something I never thought I would base a whole episode around, but here we are.
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But I do think from a foundational standpoint, it's really important to understand that the quality of your food is going to be determined largely by the quality of the soil where that food is grown.
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So if you eat food and I'm assuming that most of you listening do eat food and you care about your health then understanding soil is actually a really important aspect of that, and I get that this is probably a topic that not a lot of people are actively pursuing, but I think it's very important nonetheless.
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So I think this episode can act as a way to get a bit of a more well-rounded understanding of the agricultural ecosystem as a whole.
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So in the show we end up discussing soil and how it influences the quality of our food.
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We talk about regenerative farming and clear examples of how it outpaces traditional farming.
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We go into Matthieu's upbringing and how he was raised in a farming family and how that's helped shape his worldview.
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He introduced me to the idea of harvesting sunlight, which was a very helpful term for me to understand carbon capture.
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And then, finally, we talk about how the future of business is going to be working more in line with the harmony in nature which is a common theme throughout this episode.
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And then, finally, I want to mention that Matthiue is the author of the recently published book 12 Universal Laws of Nature how to Use your Land to its Full Potential, which expands on many of the topics that we discuss here today.
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So, without further delay, please enjoy my conversation with Mattiue Mehuys.
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Matthieu, thanks so much for being here.
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We're going to be talking a lot about sustainability, landscape design, architecture, green spaces, but I do want to start with this recent study that just came out of the University of Michigan, approximately saying that growing having like an at-home garden has five to six times the carbon footprint of traditional farming per unit of fruit or vegetable.
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I'm just curious to hear your thoughts on this, just to see where what the tone of this conversation is going to be.
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Yeah, definitely, but first of all, parker thank you very much for having me on the show.
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It's an honor here to talk about what you do and what we can bring together into the world.
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Now I think this study I would want to read the details of it, but I think I cannot believe that is nowhere near the end.
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I cannot believe that is nowhere near the truth.
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Obviously it's just a statement that you cannot prove right.
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Like, how do they even measure saying that people at home have a higher carbon footprint than food that is growing somewhere else?
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Like there's ways that if you grow food at home, on your own, in your own garden, and you do it in a certain way, which we can discuss more about it that you're actually going to be carbon negative Because, as it turns out, how plants work is that you probably heard of photosynthesis, but plants will take carbon from the atmosphere and put it into the soil.
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Now, obviously, if you have a home garden and you use all kinds of pesticides and you spray everything at home, yeah, then this garden is definitely going to be a carbon like, it's going to pollute the atmosphere.
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That's 100% clear.
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But if you do it the right way, which isn't harmony with nature, you're actually going to be storing carbon into the soil, so I think this research is very, very, very dangerous, honestly.
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Yeah, so I did look into it a little bit.
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A big part of what the researchers were saying was it was the infrastructure of setting up the home garden, like all the tools you need to buy the sheds or the raised beds or whatever it's going to be.
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So it's the actual physical infrastructure that was the biggest sort of carbon hurdle.
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I also don't know if this was like a longitudinal study where they're checking the carbon footprint after five years of having a home garden set up versus the initial set up and the first yield of fruit.
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The other thing the study did not mention was food miles involved, and I think that's something you were sort of alluding to.
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The average distance your food travels is 1,700 miles.
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So you know again, I'm not like a carbon expert, but there's got to be some benefit to getting the fruits and vegetables from your backyard versus half the distance of the country away.
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Yeah, that's definitely one big part of the Well.
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It's actually not that much of a part of the equation.
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Well, if you look objectively, it kind of makes sense that transportation would be the biggest hurdle in terms of carbon emissions.
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But it's not actually the biggest issue.
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In fact it's the way that the farmland is being used.
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It's the way that chemicals are used into the soil and they are actually depleting the soil and this sets out huge amounts of carbon dioxide.
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And in this whole carbon balance, transportation is only a minor thing.
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Obviously it's good to reduce the food miles, but it's not that much of a huge impact and in fact sometimes it gets a bit complicated.
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But in some cases it will even be better to and this is linked to the food patterns of how we all eat.
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Like, if you want to eat an apple in your early summer, then it will be more sustainable.
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So the carbon footprint will be lower if that apple comes from the other side of the world than if you would eat it locally.
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Because if you have to eat it locally, it will be harvested nine months earlier and it will be in a cooler, that is, in a controlled environment, for nine years, and that will actually have a way bigger footprint.
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So it's kind of like it gets quite complicated to say, okay, this practice is bad and this is good and that's what.
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In all of the things that I talk about.
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It's not so much about what we are doing.
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That is the problem.
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Like you can say, home gardens are bad, or cows are bad for the environment, or you think soybeans are bad for the environment.
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Everybody comes up with some sort of issue and they might be true in a way, but it's not really about what it is.
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It's about how it is produced.
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This is the key issue that nobody, or very little people, are talking about.
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Like we're all talking about oh, you should be vegan or you should only eat meat.
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The world is going crazy in terms of what is healthy food, like.
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If you go into that rabbit hole, it's endless, right, but I believe that it doesn't actually matter.
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It's really about how the food is produced, how the cow has lived, how that soybean has been grown.
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That is where the huge impact on our planet is, or can be seen.
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Does that make sense?
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It definitely makes sense and that's why I appreciate the opportunity to interview people like you and also have this long-form format where we can spend a lot of time kind of digging into the nuance.
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Because the apple example you gave, for example, I understood that eating seasonally it's just going to be sort of better and it makes more sense.
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I didn't know that apples would be stored for nine months.
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I'm sure a lot of people didn't know that.
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I also, in my mind, in my very limited view of how carbon footprints and carbon emissions work, I didn't know that it would be.
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But it makes sense that it would be sort of flexible based on the thing that you're measuring against and the time of the year for seasonality.
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So it's super layered but hopefully we can try to unpack that a little bit as we go through this conversation.
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But we're definitely going to get to sort of best farming practices and gardening practices.
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But I do want to start a little bit with your background, understanding how sort of growing up in like a farming family has influenced your career path and sort of your worldview.
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Yeah, I love that question.
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Thank you for asking that and it's I have to go back way in time.
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Like you said you mentioned already, I grew up on a family farm.
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My father is a farmer, my brother is a farmer.
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My brother is doing some amazing work.
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We can talk about that more about regenerative farming, but I grew up on this farm and about it must be at a very, very early stage.
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I think it was between three and five years old.
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When I was between three and five years old, I just got intrigued by what my father was doing on the farm, the fact that he would put seeds in the on the land and that it would grow into a crop and then it would be harvested.
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And like it's one of my earliest memories of being on this planet and that just completely blew my mind.
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I still remember the, that I started to realize how crazy it, how magical it is that if we take a seed, you put it in the soil, it can grow into a plant.
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It can even grow it in a majestic oak tree.
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Like how the hell is this possible?
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And from that fascination I said to myself oh, I want to grow my own food.
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I want to start my own vegetable garden, and at that time what I did was I started out with radishes.
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I don't know why I started with radishes, I just maybe my grandfather gave it to me.
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But this is something for your listeners as well.
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If somebody wants to grow vegetables at home, radishes are the easiest vegetables to grow at home.
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You just seed it, it pops up, you get it.
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Couple weeks later you have radishes to harvest.
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So my, as a kid, my first garden endeavor was okay, I'm going to put some radishes in.
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So I did that, and what happened was I had a huge success.
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I was able to grow my own radishes.
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And then I was like, ah, I found it, now I can grow any kind of vegetables.
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And I thought, okay, if I can grow radishes, I can grow tomatoes, everything.
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So I bought tons of seeds, I had my own little garden, I prepared the soil and I started seeding everything everywhere.
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And then I thought, okay, this is so easy, I'm just going to come back a couple weeks later and it'll be full of vegetables and I can eat it and share it with my family.
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Well, I guess, parker, you know what happened next, right, I came back like I was with my cousin as well.
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I think I was maybe away for a couple weeks, visiting my cousin or something, and I thought, oh, I'll come back and it will be full of vegetables.
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Now, of course, the whole garden was overgrown with weeds, because we had also put in some compost and some other things to make things grow better, and it was just full of weeds.
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So I was devastated.
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I was like what, how is this possible?
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It's just like it doesn't make sense to me.
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I was really devastated and from that day onwards I actually said I tried to understand how nature works.
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And this has governed me actually throughout my life.
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Because later on, after studying modern languages and economics, I said I want to learn something practical.
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I'm going to study landscape architecture because I really want to understand more about how nature works and how we can actually play with it.
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So from that study I did a bachelor's and a master's degrees and I then went.
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Well, I did my master's in Germany and Munich, because the Germans, they are very good at doing things properly.
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So I said, okay, I'm going to go and study in Germany.
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And then I Very good process.
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Yeah, exactly.
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So I had my master's degrees and then I applied for a job, thinking like this is it?
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I'm going to get my nine to five job.
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It's going to be amazing.
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Well, I got a job and a couple of months down being in that job, I kind of get depressed.
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Being part of the nine to five work, I said like this is really not for me.
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And, yeah, I kind of became depressed, I would say, but I kept doing it because I learned a lot.
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Like I don't regret doing that, because I learned a lot from the process of how people in Germany think and work.
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It's really interesting to have that experience.
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But then, after three years, I said this is really enough.
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I quit my job, I packed my backpack and I said I'm going to go out into the world and travel and see where there are equal resorts, where farms are doing something different, different that is good for our planet.
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Because obviously I became aware like, okay, we have to do something about our climate here.
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This is, this is really something that we have to take control of.
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And from that I visited lots of farms, I did lots of trainings, I kept on learning and learning and then I came back to well, there were some other countries in between, but I came back to Belgium and started my own company.
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My own company is called Paolonia Landscape Architects, so in that company we really look into garden design in a way that is aesthetic but it is also good for our environment.
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So we bring those two aspects together and we bring that in harmony.
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And now, more recently, because I've also had a lot of experience with helping my brother on the farm how to transition to more regenerative farm and we can talk about that more in depth I now also consult other farmers globally to make the transition and to take back control of their own farm, because whatever is happening in the environmental area, that things are not working, it's affecting the farmers today and it's kind of mixed with the politics as well, and I see so many farmers are hurting because, well, they're kind of a boxing ball of politics, especially here in Europe.
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You've probably seen the old of the farmers being out there.
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Well, I'll tell you this, my brother is one of the few farmers who isn't out there because he decided to change in a certain direction that's more in harmony with nature and he's way more profitable today.
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So he doesn't have to go out on the streets and protest because he has made the shift already and I want to help.
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Well, I now dedicated my life to helping farmers and gardeners and landowners to make that transition.
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Yeah, it's a great point.
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So there's a lot we're going to want to get into.
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But just because we're kind of on it now talking about the farmers, are they sort of striking and protesting Because at least in the US I know a lot of farming, at least a lot of crops, are subsidized, because running a farmer is just generally not profitable?
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Is it the same thing, like there's subsidies have been changed or the reimbursement, something like that, where they're just not happy with what the government assistance is at this point?
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Yeah, exactly that's the reason why.
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So I'll tell you what in the European Union, 90% of the budget that's being spent from the European Union is spent in agriculture.
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So, all of well, we obviously have also national tax paying, but the part that we pay to the European Union as for taxes, 90% is spent on agriculture.
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And the reason why?
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Well, we have to go a little bit back in history again.
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But after the world wars there were some big famines, like in Ireland.
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There was a huge famine.
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Europe was under a lot of stress.
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Food was not readily available, especially all of the diversity that we have today.
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It wasn't there.
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So it kind of started from that idea okay, we never want to have hunger again in Europe.
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So they started to push forward an agenda that is really focused on having huge quantities of food and super industrialized and super specialized, that we would never have to experience being in famine, which is kind of a logical thinking, and it made sense.
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And then, a couple years later, we had the 60s, where or the late 50s, 60s where we have what they call the Green Revolution, where agriculture extremely changed in a very short time, at a very, very short time, where all the chemical pesticides got introduced, where all the chemical fertilizers, all the things that in fact increased the yields of farms, and at first it looked like an amazing thing, right, farmers were making more money, they were earning more, the yields increased.
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It was like a magic thing that they found out about.
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So this became so big that.
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But one important thing that we forget in this whole process, or that was forgotten in that process, is that we were depleting the soil.
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With each use of chemicals you kind of get all the natural resources out of the soil Together with that, also the carbon emissions that we talked earlier.
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So now we are 40, 50, 60 years later and we kind of stuck with this system that's heavily subsidized, it's heavily industrialized, it's monoculture, like all of the farms were put into a direction that they had to focus on one thing, and again it all kind of makes sense.
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But we forgot about that we are working with nature and that nature can only handle a certain amount of things at a certain time.
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So now, today, it's actually in the last five to 10 years, I would say on top of the fact that the soil is depleting and farmers are losing their soil literally, and climate change, on top of that, the weather patterns get more extreme, farmers start to see that things are not working as it used to work.
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So they're kind of already in a lot of stress in what's happening with how they were used to farm, because they grew up in that way, like even my own father.
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It's just how things were going when he started.
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It was how things were done, and I'll tell you more if he wouldn't have continued to industrialize and scale up, he would be out of business.
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So even my father is an industrial farmer and we are changing that step by step.
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But he didn't have another choice, otherwise he wouldn't be able to provide for a family.
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That's just how he was kind of pushed in that direction.
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So now today with the climate and now with more recent, well, we have.
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This is another interesting thing that I heard in the news.
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I try not to list too much to the news, but somebody said like there's a difference between somebody that goes to vote and then somebody that goes to the grocery store.
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It's one person, but they are in fact two different persons.
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So what in the politics in Europe?
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Everybody wants a greener, more sustainable and a better environment, and it completely makes sense.
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But then if they go to the grocery stores.
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They don't buy the organic food they don't buy.
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They only buy the cheap food.
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So now the European Union and all the local governments start to say, okay, we need to cut down on chemical use, and we're going to.
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So they say, okay, we're going to just take away the subsidies, while now the farmers go crazy, right, because they are already on so much stress, and now they're going to start cutting back to the subsidies that they've been getting for such a long time.
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So it's kind of a perfect storm that's happening now, and it's only going to get worse.
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I'll tell you that.
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Yeah, I believe that I appreciate you kind of walking us through the history of all that, because I think it's easy for people to get lost up.
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Or get lost or caught up in the more recent narrative of you know, I think there's been plenty of nefarious things that have happened in the agricultural community, but to understand that a lot of this originated from sort of a fear of famine.
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That makes sense and sometimes this shows usually more around healthcare and healthcare in the US.
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Again, there's a lot of nefarious activity in there, but if you go back to the history you just see the complexities and the, I guess, the inefficiency of the healthcare system.
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Now you can go back and you can track the steps and usually it's lots of well intentioned policies that are sort of stacked on top of each other and then you just get unintended consequences that are sort of compounding over time.
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So it sounds very similar to what's happening now, where a lot of these things maybe not coming from nefarious or a malintentioned place, actually coming from a good place, but now we're just dealing with the long term consequences of that, some of which I think has been like willful ignorance on a large part.
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Like I think it's not a secret that monocropping is just depleting the soil and is just ravaging like the nutrient density of soil and of the foods that we're eating.
00:22:45.778 --> 00:22:50.201
But still, like a lot of this started kind of from a good place.
00:22:50.201 --> 00:22:52.016
So I appreciate you walking us through that history.
00:22:53.131 --> 00:22:59.674
I think the most natural place to go is to start talking about regenerative farming Also, just the need for innovation.
00:22:59.674 --> 00:23:04.421
That's kind of what you're getting at in that a lot of these industrialized farmers were.
00:23:04.421 --> 00:23:06.836
This is just how we did it when we grew up.
00:23:06.836 --> 00:23:13.013
We're going to keep doing it that way, but subsidies change, the environment changes and we need to adapt.
00:23:13.013 --> 00:23:17.500
So I think regenerative farming is one of the more innovative approaches.
00:23:17.500 --> 00:23:29.535
So I think, for anyone who's not familiar with that, getting an explanation of what regenerative farming is and then I'd love to be able to dive into sort of the benefits and specifics of that as well- yeah, definitely.
00:23:29.690 --> 00:23:31.979
So I can explain that more in that.
00:23:31.979 --> 00:23:36.355
But I'll start, maybe, to explain what organic farming is, because it's kind of linked to it.
00:23:36.355 --> 00:23:43.330
Now, organic farming is just the way that you say you don't want to use any, or it's not that you don't.
00:23:43.330 --> 00:23:58.518
In organic farming, you don't use chemical pesticides and chemical products, even though now today, even in the organic system, you can use organic materials, such as copper, which are highly toxic.
00:23:58.518 --> 00:24:01.238
But that's that's part of another discussion.
00:24:01.238 --> 00:24:05.031
So this is just what organic is In Europe.
00:24:05.031 --> 00:24:08.634
It's quite highly protected, the standards are quite high.
00:24:10.471 --> 00:24:19.922
But the only thing that this again, it's a good intention, right, we don't want to be using chemicals and we don't want to have all these things in our food.
00:24:19.922 --> 00:24:24.700
Now, that's a good intention, but it's not fixing the problem with the soil.
00:24:24.700 --> 00:24:30.061
So they've, in this whole narrative, a big, big part is forgotten.
00:24:30.061 --> 00:24:42.681
Now what we see in organic farming is that they have to use way more like ways to do weeding and all these things, because they're so focused on not using chemicals.
00:24:42.681 --> 00:24:54.652
It's like you focus on that and then you're not solving the bigger problems, and then that's kind of where regenerative farming comes in, which is, in essence, a way to farm.
00:24:54.652 --> 00:24:55.534
That is way more.
00:24:55.534 --> 00:24:57.419
That is more in harmony with nature.
00:24:59.191 --> 00:25:13.451
And what I mean by more in harmony with nature is that if you go out and look into the world and into the natural world, into nature, where will you find a bare soil, a soil that is naked Like.
00:25:13.451 --> 00:25:17.961
Go and go and find me a place in nature that has a bare soil.
00:25:17.961 --> 00:25:21.557
It's very difficult to find.
00:25:21.557 --> 00:25:26.859
It only happens when there's a landslide or a wildfire that you get in a bare soil.
00:25:26.859 --> 00:25:37.741
So this is the first thing that we have to avoid as much as possible to have a bare soil, because a bare soil in nature is like it's very vulnerable.
00:25:37.741 --> 00:25:49.635
It's kind of like opening your own skin, and that's how I explain it as well, that the topsoil of our planet all across the world is kind of like our top skin.
00:25:49.635 --> 00:26:00.714
It needs to be protected, but if we continuously rip it open, it kind of it gets infections, and it's exactly the same with the soil.
00:26:00.714 --> 00:26:02.097
Now, what regenerative?
00:26:02.118 --> 00:26:03.321
It gets dry and flaky.
00:26:03.770 --> 00:26:08.479
Yes, it gets dry and all of the humidity also gets lost.
00:26:08.479 --> 00:26:10.755
It evaporates way more.
00:26:10.755 --> 00:26:14.378
So that's another issue in water that we're facing more and more.
00:26:14.378 --> 00:26:38.032
But then what regenerative farming does is to obviously you have to disturb the soil to put your new crop and to harvest and to do all these things, but you minimize as much as possible, and one way of doing that is to do no tillage or avoid, like minimal tillage or no tillage, because what tillage does?
00:26:38.032 --> 00:26:42.502
It's an age-old practice in farming.
00:26:42.502 --> 00:26:49.651
In fact, it was how farming was revolutionized when it started, like more than 4,000 years ago.
00:26:50.809 --> 00:26:57.900
This tool enabled us to work the land more efficiently, but what it does as well is that it completely turns everything around.
00:26:57.900 --> 00:27:15.637
And I'll tell you this in a healthy soil, this is a complex, a complex system that we don't even know everything about, that there's a huge interaction between microorganisms, between the roots, between other organisms that create a soil that is healthy.
00:27:15.637 --> 00:27:24.759
And, in fact, what is more striking is that and this is related to your work is that what happens in the soil.
00:27:24.759 --> 00:27:27.445
It's very similar to what happens in our gut.
00:27:27.445 --> 00:27:31.641
Now, I think, in healthy lifestyle.
00:27:31.641 --> 00:27:35.188
Gut is quite a bespoken topic nowadays.
00:27:35.188 --> 00:27:45.722
Well, maybe it kind of comes together with farming and agriculture, because it's now becoming more a bespoken topic in agriculture as well.
00:27:45.722 --> 00:27:51.123
Now, what we do if we till the soil completely?
00:27:51.123 --> 00:27:54.209
We don't want to do that, but it's a common practice.
00:27:54.209 --> 00:28:13.407
We mix up all of these organisms and to get even more in details, like each millimeter and centimeter or inch for you, each and every inch has different types of microorganisms, that some like more oxygen in the soil, some like more other things in the soil.
00:28:13.407 --> 00:28:16.023
So each layer has different types of micronutrients.
00:28:16.023 --> 00:28:17.580
So it's hugely complex.
00:28:17.580 --> 00:28:24.480
In fact, we know more about the galaxies and everything that's happening around us than what's happening under our feet.
00:28:24.480 --> 00:28:28.541
It's still like an area of research.